Saab automobiles, for example, have an aircraft-style "night panel" function that shuts off all interior illumination save for the speedometer (unless attention is called to a critical situation on another gauge) to improve the driver's night vision. If a single rear fog is fitted, most jurisdictions require it to be located at or to the driver's side of the vehicle's centreline-whichever side is the prevailing driver's side in the country in which the vehicle is registered. In Europe and other countries adhering to UN Regulation 48, vehicles must be equipped with one or two bright red "rear fog lamps", which serve as high-intensity rear position lights to be activated in poor visibility conditions to make the vehicle more visible from the rear. In the 1920s, a Ferris wheel-like APS (for cars rather than people) called a paternoster system became popular as it could park eight cars in the ground space normally used for parking two cars. Side markers are permitted but not required on cars and light passenger vehicles outside the United States and Canada. U.S. type amber front/red rear lights for passenger cars.
Effective with the 1986 model year, the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and Transport Canada mandated that all new passenger cars come equipped with a CHMSL. US regulators granted Mercedes-Benz a temporary 24-month exemption in January 2006 to the steady-light requirement to evaluate whether a flashing CHMSL provides an emergency stop signal that effectively reduces the likelihood of a crash. The CHMSL is intended to provide a warning to drivers whose view of the vehicle's left and right stop lights is blocked by interceding vehicles. In the UK, doctors may use green warning lights; although these do not allow the user to claim any exemption from road traffic regulations (compared to the blue lights used by statutory emergency services when responding to calls). New Car Assessment Program, Request For Comments, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2015-12-16, retrieved 2020-02-15, the agency believes improved safety (measured as the reduction in the number of rear-end crashes that resulted in property damage or injury) can be achieved with amber rear turn signal lamps at a cost comparable to red rear turn signal lamp configurations. The same basic design can be achieved with coil springs replacing the leaves. His design harnessed an explosive to inflate an airbag, for which he was later awarded patents in 14 countries.
However, this tubular-shaped airbag design has been quickly replaced by an inflatable 'curtain' airbag. However, some countries have at various times permitted amber reversing lights. Although the millions of installed airbags in use have an excellent safety record, some limitations on their ability to protect car occupants exist. The extended lighting cycle usually ends when the vehicle's ignition has begun, or a gradual reduction in light emitted after a couple of minutes if the car is not started, called "theater" lighting. Red steadily lit rear lights, brighter than the rear position lights, are activated when the driver applies the vehicle's brakes and warn vehicles behind to prepare to stop. Standard taxicabs for street hire are distinguished by special lights affixed to the vehicle's roof in accordance with local regulations. Special warning lights, usually amber, are also sometimes mounted on slow or wide vehicles such as mobile cranes, excavators, tractors, and even mobility scooters in certain conditions.
The prescribed colours differ by jurisdiction; in most countries, blue and red special warning lights are used on police, fire, and medical-emergency vehicles. Netherlands, Switzerland, and the US, the rear signals may be amber or red. FMVSS 108 took effect for the 1968 model year, whereupon amber became the only permissible front turn-signal colour. The amber bulbs commonly used in turn signals with colourless lenses are no longer made with cadmium glass, since various regulations worldwide, including the European RoHS directive, banned cadmium because of its toxicity. These are required to produce only red light and to be wired such that they are lit whenever the front position lights are lit, including when the headlights are on. The lights are wired to illuminate whenever the vehicles' parking lights and tail lights are on, including when the headlights are being used. Occupant sensing devices let the airbag control unit know if someone is occupying a seat adjacent to an airbag, the mass/weight of the person, whether a seat belt or child restraint is being used, and whether the person is forward in the seat and close to the airbag. If, for example a thief breaks into your car and attempts to steal it, the tracking system can be triggered by the immobiliser unit or motion sensor being activated.
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