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The standard notes that in some cases, the secondary drive system may also provide the primary vehicle propulsion. Part-time AWD systems require driver intervention to couple and decouple the secondary axle from the primarily driven axle, and these systems do not have a center differential (or similar device). TPMS cannot measure or display absolute pressure values; they are relative by nature and have to be reset by the driver once the tires are checked and all pressures adjusted correctly. TPMS are regarded as less accurate by some due to their nature-given that simple ambient temperature variations can lead to pressure variations of the same magnitude as the legal detection thresholds- but many vehicle manufacturers and customers value the ease of use. Metallic valve caps can become seized to their valve stems due to galvanic corrosion and efforts to remove these caps can break the stem, destroying the sensor. A similar fate may befall aftermarket brass valve cores installed in their stems by an unwary technician, replacing the original specialized nickel-coated cores.

The third-generation 2016 Pilot debuted at the Chicago Auto Show in February 2015, and production began in May. In 2008, the new Toyota iQ microcar featured the first production rear-curtain shield airbag to protect the rear occupants' heads in the event of a rear-end impact. Front airbags normally do not protect the occupants during side, rear, or rollover collisions. When mounted on the inside of the rim, they are no longer easily accessible for battery change and the RF link must overcome the attenuating effects of the tire, which increases the energy need. For season 6 of Formula E, when there is an FCY period, everyone is no longer allowed to activate Attack Mode. There are many different solutions, but all of them have to face the problems of exposure to hostile environments. First-generation iTPMS systems are based on the principle that under-inflated tires have a slightly smaller diameter (and hence higher angular velocity) than a correctly inflated one. They are available for all types of vehicles, from motorcycles to heavy equipment, and can monitor up to 64 tires at a time, which is important for commercial vehicles. Aftermarket dTPMS units not only transmit while vehicles are moving or parked, but also provide users with some advanced monitoring options including data logging, remote monitoring options and more.

For OEM auto dTPMS units to work properly, they need to recognize the sensor positions and must ignore the signals from other vehicles. Volvo XC90 in 2003. It has been implemented in many Ford vehicles since. Since factory installation of TPMS became mandatory in November 2014 for all new passenger vehicles in the EU, various iTPMS have been type-approved according to UN Regulation R64. Indirect TPMS are able to detect under-inflation through combined use of roll radius and spectrum analysis and hence four-wheel monitoring has become feasible. Most originally fitted dTPMS have the sensor mounted on the inside of the rim and the batteries are not exchangeable. This also increases the frequency of data transmission up to 40 Hz and reduces the sensor weight, which can be important in motorsport applications. Second generation iTPMS can also detect simultaneous under-inflation in up to all four tires using spectrum analysis of individual wheels, which can be realized in software using advanced signal processing techniques. The second portion was the result of this: the subway now traveled north under Vermont Avenue to Hollywood Boulevard turning west to Highland Avenue. Direct TPMS (dTPMS) directly measures tire pressure using hardware sensors. Many aftermarket dTPMS units do not require specialized tools to program or reset, making them much simpler to use.

There is controversy regarding the compatibility of after-market tire sealants with dTPMS that employ sensors mounted inside the tire. In each wheel, most often on the inside of the valve, there is a battery-driven pressure sensor which transfers pressure information to a central control unit which reports it to the vehicle's onboard computer. This system was developed with front-wheel-drive cars' suspension design to maintain better control and stability during a system failure. Further displacement sensors record the travel distance of the piston to allow the control unit a more precise regulation. For N1 vehicles, TPMS are not mandatory, but if a TPMS is fitted, it must comply with the regulation. Although the systems vary in transmitting options, many TPMS products (both OEM and aftermarket) can display realtime, individual tire pressures whether the vehicle is moving or parked. The resulting product is homogeneous and tough, with superior properties to the individual plastics. These systems can identify under-inflation for each individual tire.